The Hungry Hearts Interpretive Translation is always a work in progress, based on almost 40+ years of daily
Bible reading by the author along with diligent study, comparing English
translations with biblical languages and the work of respected scholars.
1.
The main body of the
New Testament scripture text in this
commentary is based largely on the Koine Greek Text of Stephens 1550, as found
in the Interlinear Greek-English New Testament by George Ricker Berry, the original
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance, 1894, and Scrivner’s Greek Interlinear TR
1894. All is compared diligently with original languages, ancient text’s and
versions, along with the work of respected commentaries and scholarship. Some
New Testament portions of early translators (such as Tyndale and others) are
used as well. Tyndale based his work on the Koine Greek of the Received Text,
Third Edition.
2.
Where the text of the
King James Version is followed, archaic language is
updated in most cases**, but The AV (Old & New Testaments) is followed
unchanged where the language and sense of the translation is clear to the
modern reader and in accord with the original languages.
3.
References containing [TR]
in bracketed superscript are alerts that some Masoretic/Minority/eclectic Hebrew and Greek
texts contradict the Ben Chayyim Masoretic and Majority Texts (Textus
Receptus/Received Text 3rd Edition) that the King James Version [and
other Bible versions such as Young’s Literal Translation] are based upon. In
instances where the reader sees bracketed superscript [TR], doctrines critical to the Christian faith, such as
the Godhead, the Virgin Birth, the Blood Atonement, the Deity of Christ, and
the Physical Resurrection of Christ, are almost always negatively impacted or
even deleted completely from certain [usually Alexandrian] texts. As this
commentary is posted online one chapter at a time, readers may find this [TR]
alert [and explanation] posted in footnotes for its first use in any given
chapter
4.
No translation is
perfect. Where a Hebrew or Greek word has no adequate English equivalent—or the traditional translation is in question—the original
word may be left untranslated. In some cases [but not all], the Strong’s Greek
[G] or Hebrew [H] reference number may be notated beside it.
5.
Where the Old Testament
is quoted in the New Testament, some of the Hebrew
words may be used [instead of Greek
equivalent].
6.
The
practice of substituting the words “Lord” and “God” in place of the Hebrew
names and titles of our Creator, are rooted in superstition on the part of
Jewish scribes and later, antisemitism on the parts of English translators. In
this commentary, the Hebrew names and titles of the One True God remain
untranslated.
7.
New
Testament quotes of Old Testament passages that include the word “LORD” in
referring to Jehovah/Yahweh [YHWH],
the Tetragrammaton [YHWH] will be
used
8. All proper names are subject to appear untranslated in their original form.
In the New Testament, the Hebrew names of Old Testament persons will be
used. E.g.: The name of the first woman
is not “Eve.” The name given to her, after The Fall, by her husband [who was
not commanded by God to name his wife], is the Hebrew, Chavvah [pronounced Kavah].
The name “Eve” is a clichéd misnomer rooted in Greek transliteration. Why
translators uniformly and consistently use a Greek transliteration of Chavvah’s
name, even in the Hebrew portion of the Holy Scriptures, can only be
attributed to antisemitism.
9.
The
names, titles, and words of The Most High God are in bold print
10.
The
words and titles of Jesus are in bold
print
11.
Scripture
cross-references and [short alternative renderings] are bracketed and noted in
line with the text. Some commentary is in line with text [in electronic
editions in-line commentary is red].
12.
As
both the Hebrew and Greek texts were originally written without punctuation,
there is little punctuation used in the main body of the scripture-commentary
text.
13.
[Brackets]
in scripture sections indicate translator supplement, alternate rendering, or
short commentary
14.
Longer
commentary is generally located in footnotes
15.
(\)
indicates a parenthetical [or possible parenthetical] statement. There are many
such in scripture: A parenthetical statement (\) indicates a long period [or
possible long period] of time between one statement and the statement
immediately following it. This can happen within the same verse. Isaiah 9:6 is
an example of this: “For unto us a child is born Unto us a son is given (\) and
the government shall be upon his shoulders…” The (/) indicating a parenthetical
gap of time between the Savior’s birth, death, Resurrection, and (/) 2nd
Coming.
** Historically loved,
poetic, and extraordinarily beautiful passages of the King James Version are
left largely unchanged except for where updating archaic language would clarify
without interrupting the poetic flow.
The
Bible was not written in English. This commentator believes, therefore, that
some words are better left untranslated as there are no good English
equivalents for every Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek word. In some instances, attempting
to use one English word to convey meaning for a Hebrew/Greek word that has
multiple meanings—can cloud understanding and result, not in clarity and truth,
but rather, in misleading English-translation-theology.
Reader
comments and suggestions are welcome using the contact form at www.JocelynAndersen.com
I pray this commentary will be a faith-building blessing to all who read it.
Dictionary of Some English and some
Hebrew/Greek Untranslated and uncommon words in the HHBC: (Partial list only)
'âdâm H120 Pronounced “audawm”
is the name God gave to both the
first man and the first woman—the entire human race. In the Hebrew Bible, mixed
crowds (composed of both females and males) are also referred to as 'âdâm.
This Hebrew word, does not mean “male” and is not androcentric (male centered)
as are most English and Greek words used to describe the entire human
population, words such as: man (when used to describe all people), mankind,
human race, anthropos (when
used to describe all people), etc… In this commentary, the phonetic spelling of
the Hebrew word 'âdâm (audawm) is used instead of the word man, mankind, or
human whenever the word refers to mixed crowds of both sexes or to the human
race in general. As this commentary is also posted online one chapter at a
time, readers may find this definition posted in footnotes for first use of the
word 'âdâm
in any given chapter.
Adelphos G80 Sibling (born of
the same mother or father); Old Testament: generally a natural sibling/brother.
The word takes on a gender neutral
meaning in the New Testament and can refer to natural brothers—who are born of
the same mother but was also used of a group of Jesus siblings which included
his sisters. In the main, New Testament references are to spiritual siblings,
whether sisters or brothers, referring to anyone who is Born Again into the
Body of Christ, fellow Christians in general, whether female or male.
Adown H113
Lords
Aggelos G32 pronounced
angelos: messenger, translated “angel” 179 times in the AV
Aion G165
[noun] an Age; a period of time. The Greek word aion is thought to be from the same root as another Greek word aei G104 which is an adverb whose root
is from an obsolete primary noun meaning: continued duration; perpetual;
invariably
Amen G281 When used at the
beginning of a discourse, it means truly or assuredly; When used at the end of
a discourse or prayer, it means so be it, let it be so: The word
"amen" is a most remarkable word. It was transliterated directly from
the Hebrew into the Greek of the New Testament, then into Latin and into English
and many other languages, so that it is practically a universal word. It has
been called the best known word in human speech. The word is directly related —
in fact, almost identical — to the Hebrew word for "believe" (amam),
or faithful. Thus, it came to mean "sure" or "truly", an
expression of absolute trust and confidence. — HMM
Aner G435
Male, husband, all people, a group of people composed of both females and males
(which indicates that G435 could be translated as female unless the context
demands otherwise)
Anthropos G444 A human being;
The human race in general; Mixed crowds of both men and women; angels who are
sometimes mistaken for men; people in general, whether female or male. In
instances where this is the case, rather than using a gender specific or
androcentric term, the HHBC commentary uses the untranslated Greek word, anthropos, which is frequently used in
the Received Text for mixed groups of women and men and of the human race as a
whole. Most languages are androcentric (male centered) including the Hebrew and
Greek our English scriptures were translated from. Most English translations
are even more so, and in many cases supplement the text with the words, man or
men where they do not appear. For that reason, where the Greek word, anthropos, occurs, the HHBC often leaves
it untranslated, leaving it to the context and the reader to decide if the text
is alluding specifically to males, or to a mixed crowd/group composed of both
females and males, or of the entire human race in general.
Audawm (The phonetic spelling
and pronunciation of the Hebrew H120-’âdâm.
Biblical usage of H120 references groups of both females and males, of the
human race in general, as well as the name of the first male. In both Old and New Testament of the HHBC commentary,
the phonetic spelling of H120-'‘âdâm (pronounced “audawm”) will be
used in place of androcentric translation such as man, mankind, or human
race when the text calls for it. The same word “H120-'‘âdâm”
will be used only when the text specifically references the first male.
* In this commentary, the phonetic spelling of
the Hebrew word âdâm is used instead of the word man, mankind, or human whenever
the word refers to mixed crowds of both sexes or to the human race in general.
As this commentary is also posted online one chapter at a time, readers may
find this definition posted in footnotes for first use of the word âdâm
in any given chapter
Aule G833 Hall, Court,
Palace [home/habitation]
Autos G846 a pronoun that
could be translated any number of ways: she, he, it, himself, herself, the
same, they, their, etc.. In many translations, it is often translated as he or
man without textual support. Other translations. In Philippians 4:3 (AV) it was
translated as “those women.”
ba`al H-1167 Lord. Many translations of ba`al as “husband” are
incorrect. In the sense that there were many concubines (slave wives) in
ancient times, a woman’s ba`al could very well be her husband, but that does
not portray God’s intention and direct command when he created men and women.
Beelzeboul G954 A name of Satan
Chayil H2428 Valor; Strength;
Might; [The strength and power of] Wealth; [The strength and power of] Riches. Chayil is mistranslated “virtuous” only
three times in the Hebrew text; each of these mistranslations is deliberate
(about women) due to misogyny. There is no textual reason to translate the
Hebrew word, Chayil, as virtuous as
it has never had any connotation of virtue.
Chavvah H2332 The name given to the first woman--given to her after the Fall
[by a fallen husband who was never commanded to name his wife in the
first place (as if she were one of the animals)]. Why a Greek
transliteration for the name Chavvah is used in the Old Testament can only be attributed to antisemitism on the part of translators. The first woman was called Chavvah and not "Eve," after being ejected from the Garden.
Christos G5547 pronounced
kree-stos: Christ; Anointed One; Messiah
Complementarian: The teaching that women were originally created
subordinate to men and are to remain so throughout their lives on earth and all
eternity as well.
Diakonia G1248 service; ministry
Eklektos G… Picked out, chosen
Diamonions G1140 Evil Spirits
Ego Emi H H : I AM
Ekeinos G1565 The one there;
That one; That thing or time; Used of persons, things, times somewhat remote
from the speaker (Thayer)
Ekklesia G1577
Called out ones; A gathering of citizens called out from their homes into some
public place or an assembly; Those who anywhere, constitute such a company and
are united into one body
Elohiym Gods, i.e., The Godhead. All references to “God” in Genesis
chapter one are Strong’s Hebrew reference 430, “Elohiym”. The word refers to more than two (Martin/Ankerberg 1985). There is a word in Hebrew
that refers to more than one but not more than two, but Elohiym is not that word.
The word “Elohiym, is a reference to the Godhead. Genesis 1:1
specifically tells us that it is the LORD
God Yahweh
Elohiym—the
Godhead—who created all things
(Isaiah 44:24, 45:18, John 1:3,10). This is the first Biblical evidence that
Jesus is Jehovah, and not simply a subordinate that God created then “used” to
create all “other” things. Per Philippians 2:10-11, which is a New Testament
quote of Jehovah [who is speaking in Isaiah 45:23] Jesus is the LORD GOD—Yahweh Elohiym of Genesis1-3. The
fullness (entirety) of the Godhead resides in Jesus in physical form (Colossians 2:9). We serve a God who is one. The Holy of Holies [in the Hebrew
Bible] literally means the Holy place of the Holy Ones—i.e., the Godhead
(Cooke). Do we understand how God can be three yet be one? No, we do not. It is
as impossible for man to analyze and pry apart the Godhead as it would be to
attempt to separate the soul and spirit; only God has sufficient understanding
and power to accomplish such a thing in His triune personage and yet remain
one. It is sin to theologically transform the Triune Godhead into a
hierarchical, idolatrous, triad. Just so, it is sin to theologically turn the
holy, one flesh, relationship of marriage into a hierarchical duo with a
god-man at the helm. Man-made hierarchies accomplish nothing less than the
conversion of triune into triad and one flesh into duo.
Elowahh H433 God; The singular
of Elohiym
(Gods)
Exodus G1841 Departure
Ezer H5828 Help; Succour;
Used of God himself in Psalm 33:20
Genea G1074
Geneology; fathered; birth; nativity; that which has been begotten; whole
multitude of people living at the same time—a generation; a presumed
derivative of G1085 genos kindred;
offspring; descent;
Glossa G1100 Tongue; An organ
of speech; Angelic languages; Earthly languages
Gyne G1135 Woman, Wife,
M’âdâm
Hades G86
The nether world; the realm of the dead; the lower regions
Harpazo G726 Sieze; catch;
snatch; take by force; pull
Ho G3588 definite article
corresponding to: the; of; this; that. Other usages include: etc.; who; which
Iesous Pronounced Ee-A-Soos
G2424 translated Jesus: Yeshua is the
Hebrew name, and its English spelling is “Joshua.” Iesous is the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew name, and its
English spelling is “Jesus.” Thus, the names “Joshua” and “Jesus” are
essentially the same; both are English pronunciations of the Hebrew and Greek
names for our Lord. For examples of how the two names are interchangeable, see
Acts 7:45 and Hebrews 4:8 in the KJV. In both cases, the word Iesous refers to the Old Testament
character Joshua. Because of disparities in English translation of the word, Iesous
will remain untranslated throughout the main body of scripture this commentary.
https://gotquestions.org/Yeshua-Jesus.html
'ishshah Hebrew
for woman/wife in a general sense, but not exclusively so. The word is also
used for mixed crowds of both females and males, and therefore, as context
allows, is sometimes used as gender neutral. Just as the words ‘âdâm and 'iysh generally refer
to males but are frequently
seen in gender neutral biblical usage, so is 'ishshah. Context alone must determine
translation for 'ishshah... As this
commentary is also posted online one chapter at a time, readers may find this
definition for 'ishshah posted in footnotes for first use of the word in
any given chapter
'Iysh H376 is Hebrew for man; husband; mixed crowds of both women
and men; homosapiens-sapien in general; translated by scholars as “you [thou]”
in Proverbs 3:31 (KJV). The word, *'iysh, has no legitimate claim as a word exclusive to males. Context
alone must determine translation. 'Iysh can mean “male” or mankind, or
human in general. In this commentary, whenever 'iysh refers to
mixed crowds of both sexes or to the human race in general, the word 'iysh will be
used untranslated instead of androcentric English equivalents.
As this commentary is also posted online one chapter at a time, readers may
find this definition posted in footnotes for first use of the word 'iysh
in any given chapter
Keriythuwth H3748 Bill of
divorce
Kosmos G2889 The earth, the
world/universe, the space time continuum, the system of this world/arranged
order of things, the people who inhabit the earth
Logion G3051 Spoken of the words and utterances of God
Logos G3056 Word (said,
thought, computation, motive)
Messias G3323 pronounced
Me-say-us or Me-sy-us: Messiah; Christ; Savior
Meshuwbah H4878 (from H7725 shuwb) Turning away
Monogenes G3439 One of a kind;
Only offspring; God has many children—but all adopted or created. Jesus is
neither adopted nor created. He is God’s only, for lack of a better word,
natural (or genetic) child—begotten.
Nephesh H5315
noun Life Soul
Neged H5048 Opposite; Over
against; Equal and opposite Counterpart
Panoplia G3833 complete set of
armor
Parakletos G3875 Summoned; Called
to one’s side; Called to one’s aid; One who pleads another’s cause before a
Judge; Advocate; A pleader; Counsel for defense; Legal assistant; In the widest
sense a helper, succorer, aider, assistant (Thayer)
Pneuma G4151 (neuter noun)
Pronounced Nu-maa: Spirit
Porneia G4202 (Feminine noun)
Sexual sin
Porne G4204 (Feminine noun)
Those engaging in sexual sin
Pornos G4205 (Masculine noun)
Those engaging in sexual sin (According to Strong’s, all of the Greek “porn” words descend from the word piprasko G4097 which means to sell; of
price, one into slavery; to give one’s self up wholly into the control of
another. The fact that piprasko is
taken from a root word peran G4008,
which means beyond, the other side, farther side (not God’s side), all
scripture uses of the porn words
denote utterly demonic, enslaving behavior)
Porneuo G4203 (Verb) engaging
in sexual sin
Rhabbi G4461 A great one, an
honorable sir; Rabbi, an honorable title used by the Jews to address their
teachers; John the Baptist is addressed by this title in John 3:26; Jesus is
addressed by this title multiple times
Ruwach H7307 (Feminine Noun)
The Holy Spirit is not an “it.” Neither is the Holy Spirit a “He.” The Holy
Spirit is God. In the Hebrew, the Holy Spirit is called Ruwach. The Hebrew word, Ruwach,
is a feminine noun. The Holy Spirit
is portrayed as a mother hen in Genesis 1:2. Jesus confirmed this in Matthew
23:37 and Luke 13:34. The scriptures say that, God is not a man Numbers
23:19. Neither is he a woman. But he portrays himself as both mother and
father. Jesus himself is the Father of Eternity. The angel Gabriel, called the
Holy Spirit the father of the Christ child Luke 1:35. We cannot
divide God. We can only take him at his Word. The Holy Spirit is God. In the
Hebrew**, the Holy Spirit is feminine. In the Greek, the word used for Holy
Spirit is a neuter noun, which translators choose to render as “it” or “he.”
However, this commentator maintains that “it” is not an option, and because of
the Hebrew testimony (and the neutrality of the Greek), the Holy Spirit can be
accurately addressed as “She.”
**English-Translation-Theology
is always a danger, and presents difficulties—to readers and translators alike
(that other languages do not), as English is such a diverse language, with so
many options (English has more words than any other language) for translators
to choose from. For example, the Hebrew language has a limited vocabulary (only
about 3000 words) as compared with the koine
Greek (everyday language spoken by Jesus and his contemporaries). So, we must
appreciate that most every Hebrew word has a variety of applications (some a
very wide variety) and must be translated according to context. Other applications of the word, ruwach, include: spirit;
wind; breath; mind; vain; air; anger (hot spirited);
cool; courage (as in spirited).
James Strong lists 5,624 koine Greek words in his original
concordance. This would not represent every koine
Greek word in the koine Greek
vocabulary—only those which were used in the New Testament of the Received
Text. By comparison, the English language has about 200,000 commonly used
words, not counting scientific words, which approximate another 200,000.
Satanas G4567
Satan
Shalach H7971 The putting
away (sending away or casting off). Shalach (casting off)
without a bill of keriythuwthH3748 (bill of
divorce) is not the same as a divorce
Shamayim: Strong’s Hebrew
reference 8064 Heaven is, “SHAMEH.”
The word is used exclusively for all references to heaven from Genesis
through Psalm 78:8. In these passages, context alone must determine which
“heaven” the verse is referring to, whether the sky, beyond the sky (space), or
the third Heaven Paul was caught up to.
Sheowl: Underworld; World of
the dead
Shuwb H7725
Turn around; Return
Theos G2316
Deity; god; The reason the word, Theos,
is largely left untranslated in this commentary, is to put to rest erroneous
teaching that the word must be prefaced by the definite article “ho” (meaning
“the” or “of”) in order to be translated as referring to Yahweh (Jehovah). In fact, most New Testament scripture references
to Theos are not introduced
using the definite article, “ho,” but even in those cases, it is clear when
Almighty is or is not being referenced—especially in the case of John 1:1,
where John, a Jew who would never commit blasphemy by calling anyone who was
not YHWH
“A” god. When John called Jesus “God,” he was specifically stating that Jesus
is YHWH
[Yahweh].
Ton Theon The God; of God as
context requires
Ton G5120 The; of
Towrah H8451 Law of Moses;
Mosaic Law; Pentateuch
YHWH H3068
(Hebrew has no vowels) These four letters are the name of God and are known to
scholars as the Tetragrammaton [pronounced, Yahweh or Yahveh]
and sometimes translated and pronounced as Jehovah. according to Jewish
scholar, Kaufmann Kohler (Jewish Theology page 61), the correct pronunciation
of the Tetragrammaton has never been lost and is pronounced Yahveh.
In the HHBC, any use of the Tetragrammaton in the Hebrew Text will be left
untranslated, and any New Testament Greek citing of the Tetragrammaton from an
Old Covenant source will be treated as Hebrew. The Tetragrammaton, [YHWH],
will be used in place of the incorrect “LORD.” … As this commentary is also
posted online one chapter at a time, readers may find this definition posted in
footnotes for first use of the Tetragrammaton in any given chapter.
Yowm H3117 Strong’s: (from an unused root meaning
to be hot [as the warm hours]) Day; Time; Year; Lifetime; Time Period; Age… Gesenius: From the time when; Always;
At that/this Time; Now; In all time
