Showing posts with label Racial Prejudice. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Racial Prejudice. Show all posts

1 Timothy 6 commentary


       1: Let as many slaves as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed 2: And they that have believing masters let them not despise them because they are brethren but rather do them service because they are faithful and beloved partakers of the benefit These things teach and exhort [1] 3: If any teach otherwise and consent not to [the] wholesome words [of] our Lord Jesus Christ[2] and [to the] teaching which is according to godliness 4: [They are] proud knowing nothing but obsessing about questions and strifes of words from which come envy strife slanders [of] evil suspicions 5: Perverse disputings with those of corrupt minds and destitute of the truth supposing that gain is godliness[3] from such withdraw yourselves 6: But godliness with contentment is great gain 7: For we brought nothing into [the] kosmos and it is certain we can carry nothing out 8: And having food and clothing let us be content with these 9: For they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare and into many foolish and hurtful lusts which drown them in destruction and perdition 10: For the love of money is the root of all evil which while some coveted after they have erred from the faith and pierced themselves through with many sorrows[4] 11: But thou O man of God flee these things and follow after righteousness godliness faith love patience meekness 12: Fight agōnizomai the good fight agōn of faith Lay hold on eternal life to which you are also called and have professed a good profession before many witnesses 13: [I] charge you [I] declare before Theos[5] the GODHEAD [Colossians 2:9] who makes alive all things and Iesous Christos who before Pontius Pilate witnessed a good confession 14: That you keep this charge without spot blameless until the [glorious] appearing of our Lord Jesus Christ[6] 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 15: Who [in] HIS season HE shall prove who is the blessed and only Potentate the King of kings and Lord of lords[7] 16: Who alone has immortality[8] dwelling in the light which no one can approach unto whom none has seen nor can see[9] to whom be honor and power everlasting Amen 17: Charge them that are rich in this world that they be not high-minded nor trust in uncertain riches but in the living God who give us richly all things to enjoy 18: Do good Become rich in good works to be ready to give inclined to become [socially and financially] involved 19: storing up for themselves a good foundation against [that which] is coming that they may lay hold on eternal life
20: O Timotheos guard that which is committed to your trust avoiding profane and useless discussions even [the] antithesis [and] pseudonymos of knowledge 21: Which some profess [to understand and] have erred concerning the faith Grace be with you Amen


[1] The subject of 1 Timothy 6, is slavery. Paul did not change the subject after verse two but, because he could not safely or legally address the sinfulness of slavery overtly, he sought both the spiritual and physical welfare of all of his flock (both slave and free) by addressing the root causes of all sin.  

There had obviously been disputes about the rightness or wrongness of slavery. And, in chapter six, the apostle deals with the issue in a way that would have resolved the issue completely, if Christian hearts had been committed to living in God’s love and Christ’s example of humility. As late as the 19th Century, many Christian leaders insisted that the first few verses of Timothy chapter six, taught that slavery was mandated and ordained by God. This passage was wrongly used to that effect. Most contemporary Christian leaders agree that the verses in Timothy have historically been misused, and great harm has been done because of that. 

Slavery in ancient Rome was just as wrong as slavery in the the British Empire or slavery in the United States, but early Christians cannot be criticized for not becoming the first abolitionists. From this letter, it appears that some were and hot debate [on the subject] was going on. But few among the ancient peoples ever questioned slavery. It was too dangerous to do so and simply part of life. This writer believes the modern mind is so far divorced from the context of our forebear’s living reality, that great effort must be made to understand the risks and fear [associated with cultural change] that must have been an ever-present part of ancient life. 

Slavery was the law of the land, and early Christians faced crucifixion or worse for fomenting rebellion against Roman policy. At first, most believers were not citizens and were protected by few rights—and those, only if they toed the line. 

Slavery was an institution of Rome, passed down from the Greeks. Ancient Rome was a Greek culture. All ancient cultures had slavery. Some modern cultures still do. It was wrong then, and it is wrong now, but few people, even today, would risk crucifixion or some other cruel death, in order to become change agents. In the Roman Empire, death was guaranteed for dissenters. 

Through-out history, conviction in Christian hearts, has brought about much improvement and relief from suffering, including the abolition of slavery in the British Empire and the United States…but not in ancient Rome. That culture did not permit such movements, and mass-killings quickly discouraged any who might get any such ideas. 

Paul was a great traveler, spending his life for the gospel. He eventually became a prisoner of Rome, continuing his care for the churches while living under house arrest. The death penalty hung over his head for years. He knew the sentence would eventually be executed, and for nothing less than preaching the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. He understood better than most, that causes must prioritized…At that time

There is a time and a season for every purpose under Heaven…. Nothing could be gained by fomenting rebellion over slavery in the Roman Empire. The time for rising up against slavery had not yet come. Nothing but mass death could be accomplished by fomenting rebellion over the issue. All abolitionists would die; all rebellious slaves would die. This was not to be a permanent situation. The time would come when that would change. But not in Paul’s day. So the apostle did the only thing he could. He wrote to the young pastor and did his best to squelch the fiery debate between those who rightly saw the evil of slavery and the slave-holders whose hearts were not surrendered to God.

The only thing Paul could do, was encourage discipleship and Christian growth through love and humility. When the Holy Spirit has control of a heart, that person will do what is right. Paul knew that change comes from within. Outward laws must be enacted to protect the oppressed, only because people do not heed the laws that are already “written on our hearts.” Until hearts change, restraint must come through civil laws. But, concerning the sin of slavery, abolishing it was not a possibility in Paul’s day. Paul did what he could to mitigate the cruel effects of slavery on both slave and master, but he never condoned it.

[2] Paul appeals to the Words of Jesus. Jesus said to treat others as we would have others treat us. If we do that, we fulfill the Word and Will of God. The apostle knew that, if they were so inclined, slave owners had the legal right to free their slaves, but he could not suggest such a thing. His letter to Philemon, concerning the slave, Onesimus, shows how sensitive and dangerous the subject of slavery was. It also shows how much faith Paul had in Philemon to read between the lines, do the right thing, and not kill Onesimus, but rather, to allow him to return to Paul and fulfill his calling and service to God. 

This passage on slavery, is relevant to the issue of gender-role-religion. Like slavery, gender-role-religion was never mandated by God and the cultural context is no longer relevant. Many of the same arguments used to keep slaves in bondage are still used today to keep women in illegitimate subservience to men. Paul dealt with the woman issue along with slavery and racial prejudice in his letter to the Galatians. He chided them for not tearing down the walls of prejudice that separated races, masters, slaves, women, and men. He said that even though the secular world was full of those things, they did not belong among Christians, who were all ONE in Christ Jesus.

[3] These would likely be professing believers defending slavery (the subject of verses one and two has not changed) against true believers who were convicted in their hears that slavery was wrong. The debate had heated up to the point where the debate itself had become sinful and possibly legally dangerous. The apostle saw a need to shut it down altogether.

[4] This verse appears to contradict the doctrine of eternal security/once saved always saved. https://hungryheartsministries.blogspot.com/2017/09/once-saved-always-saved-doctrine-of.html 

[5] Hierarchical theology assumes that all mentions of Theos refer to only one person within the Godhead—the Father, when in most cases, the reference is to the Godhead itself Colossians 2:9. There is no such thing as the first, second, or third persons in the Godhead. Such designations imply hierarchy where none exists and an exaggerated importance of the Father over the Son and Holy Spirit. This is misleading as Jesus is Jehovah John 1:1

Jesus is the Everlasting Father Isaiah 9:6. The Holy Spirit is Jehovah Acts 5:3-4. The Holy Spirit is the father of that holy thing which was conceived in the womb of Mary Matthew 1:18 & 20, Luke 1:35
The name Jehovah YHWH encompasses the fullness of the Godhead.  In Heaven, there is no BIG GOD who is the Father, followed by two little gods who are the son and the holy spirit. Elohiym is the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit. The Being who created and redeemed all things, the Godhead Elohiym [Genesis 1:1] is not a three-god triad. “Hear O Israel YHWH Jehovah Elohiym OUR GODS is ONE YHWH Jehovah”. 

The Hebrew word, Elohiym, is the plural form of the word, Elohwahh. Elohwahh, is the singular form of the word for God, which occurs in Deuteronomy 32:15 and 56 more times in the Hebrew text. Elohiym is the plural form of the word, God, that designates three [or more]. There is a Hebrew word for Gods that designates two. Elohiym is not that word. It means three [or more] and occurs 2,606 times in the Hebrew text. Elohiym is our creator Genesis 1:1. That means the Godhead is the Creator. Jehovah [the Godhead] is our Creator Isaiah 44:24 Jesus is Jehovah. Jesus is our Creator Colossians 1:16-17, John 1:1-3

EXCERPT FROM: JESUS, GOD OF THE BURNING BUSH: ETERNAL FATHER BELOVED SON
   When Jesus said that God was His Father, He was referring to the Godhead. The Bible says that God is not a man, so we will not refer to the One God as the first, second, or third person of the Trinity. Those are hierarchical designations…that do not exist.
   The Father is the one who beget Jesus?
   Who did the angel tell Joseph that Holy Thing within Mary’s womb was conceived by? 
   Wasn’t Jesus conceived by the Holy Spirit?
   Isn’t a child’s Father that person by which he is conceived?
   Wouldn’t that make the Holy Spirit Jesus’ Father?
   Do we find a contradiction here? No, there is no contradiction when we understand that the prophets spoke the truth when they foretold the coming to earth in the form of a man, not the “second person of the Godhead,” but rather, the Almighty.
   In Colossians we read that all the fullness of the Godhead resides in our Savior in physical form.
   This had to be so because the Almighty declared that there was no Savior but Himself. He also declared that He created all things by Himself, alone.
   Out goes the theory that the Father used a subordinate Son to create all things. That “subordinate Jesus” the Father used in creation goes hand in glove with the insidious Arian lie that Jesus was Himself a created being—the first creation of God—who was then used to create all other things (complementarian expositors conveniently cherry-pick Arius’ teachings expunging overtly unacceptable portions). The Bible says that in the beginning Elohiym (The triune God) created the heavens and the earth. Who created man? Elohiym, the Triune God—the Godhead—created man. Let Us create man in Our image.

[6] Paul makes reference to the coming or appearing of Jesus 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 in almost every one of his letters to the churches. That is a reference to Bible prophecy as well his own revelation, which aligns perfectly with the Law and the prophets 
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[7] Deuteronomy 10:17, YHWH is Lord of Lords. Jesus is Yahweh

[8] Psalm 136:3, YHWH is the high and lofty one who inhabits Eternity (has immortality). Jesus is Yahweh.

[9] This verse refers to the Godhead. Jehovah (YHWH) in all his fullness is the Godhead, and no one can see the Godhead and live. Moses spoke with God face to face (Exodus 33:11) and lived, but God put his hand over Moses’ face (Exodus 33:18-23) when he partially granted his request to see His Glory (the Godhead in all its fullness) and only allowed him to see His back parts as He passed by...

Luke 10 commentary

 1: After these things the Lord appointed other seventy also and sent them two and two before his face into every city and place where he himself would come Malachi/Isaiah  2: Then he said to them The harvest truly is vast but the laborers are few Pray you therefore the Lord of the Harvest that he would send forth laborers into HIS harvest 3: Go your ways behold I send you forth as lambsprey among wolvespredators [1] 4: Carry neither wallet [2] nor [begger’s or provision] bag [3] nor [extra] shoes and greet no one [4] 1 Kings 13:1-24 along the way [5] 5: And into whatever household you enter first say Peace be to this home [6] Num 6:24-26  John 14:27  6: And if the Children of Peace be there your peace shall rest upon it If not it shall turn to you again Isaiah 54:10  Jer 16:5 7: And in the same house remain eating and drinking such things as they give [7] For the laborer is worthy of their hire Go not from house to house [8] 8: And into whatever city you enter and they receive you eat such things as are set before you 9: And heal the sick that are there and say to them The Kingdom of God is come near to you 10: But into whatever city you enter and they receive you not go your ways out into the streets of the same and say [9] 11:Even the very dust of your city which clings to us we do wipe off against you Nevertheless you be sure of this that the kingdom of God has come near to youProverbs 25:28 12: And I say to you that it shall be more tolerable in that day [10] for Sodom than for that city 13: Woe unto you Chorazin! Woe unto you Bethsaida! For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which have been done in you they had a great while ago repented sitting in sackcloth and ashes 14: But it shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the judgment Revelation 20:11-15 than for you 15: And you Capernaum which are exalted to [the] heavens ouranou shall be thrust down to hades G86 16: They that hear you hear me And they that despise you despise me And they that despise me despise the one commissioning me [11] 17: And the seventy returned again with joy saying Lord even demons diamonionsG1140 are subject unto us through your name 18: And he said to them I beheld Satan as lightning [12] fall from Heaven Isaiah 14:12-13 19: Behold I give to you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions and over all the dynamis Mark 5:30 of the enemy Matthew 17:19-21  and nothing shall by any means hurt you [13] 20: Nevertheless in this rejoice not that the spirits pnuemata are subject to you but rather rejoice because your names are written in Heaven 21: In that hour Jesus greatly rejoiced in the spirit pnuemati and said I thank you O Father Lord of Heaven and earth that you have hid these things from the wise and the learned [14] and has revealed them to babes Even so Father for so it seemed good in your sight 22: All was surrendered to me The Son of Humanity by hypo G5259 my Father The Godhead Luke 1:32-35 [15] and no one knows who the Son is but the Father and who the Father is but the Son and to whom the Son will reveal The Father/The Godhead/YHWH 23: And he turned himself toward his disciples and said privately Blessed are the eyes which see the things that you see 24: For I tell you that many prophets and kings have desired to see those things which you see and have not seen them and to hear those things which you hear and have not heard them1 Peter 1:10-12 25: And behold a certain lawyer stood up and tested him saying Master what shall I do to inherit eternal life 26: He asked him What is written in the law nomo/nomos how readest thou 27: And he answering said You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind and your neighbor as yourself 28: And he said to him You have answered right This do and you shall live 29: But he determined to justify himself said to Jesus And who is my neighbor [16] 30: And Jesus answering said A certain man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho and fell among thieves who stripped him of his clothing and wounded him and departed leaving him half dead 31: And by chance there came down a certain priest that way and when he saw him he passed by on the other side 32: And likewise a Levite when he was at the place came and looked on him and passed by on the other side 33: But a certain Samaritan as he journeyed came where he was and when he saw him he had compassion on him 34: And went to him and bound up his wounds pouring in oil and wine and set him on his own animal and brought him to an inn and took care of him 35: And the next day when he departed he took out two pence and gave them to the host and said unto him Take care of him and whatever you spend more when I return I will repay you 36: Which now of these three do you think was neighbor to him that fell among the thieves 37: And he said He that shewed mercy on him Then said Jesus to him Go and you do the same 38: Now it came to pass as they went that he entered into a certain village and a certain woman named Martha received him into her home 39: And she had a sister called Mary who also sat at Jesus’ feet and heard his word [17] 40: But Martha was distressed with much serving and came to him and said Lord do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone command her therefore that she help me 41: And Jesus answered and said to her Martha Martha you are anxious and troubled about many things 42: But one thing is needful and Mary has chosen that excellent portion which shall not be taken away from her



[2] No wallet! Can you imagine? Jesus sent them forth with only the clothes on their backs and a cloak for cold weather and for at night.

[3] Christian ministries are among the biggest group of beggars on earth. Do they go anywhere without their beggar’s bag/offering plate? One notable minister who never asked for a penny was George Mueller. Cory Ten Boom eventually adopted Mueller’s method of going only to God with her financial needs.

[4] Stay focused on your task. Do not allow yourselves to be distracted or adversely influenced from your assignment. For this purpose, keep to yourselves until you arrive at your destination.

[5] See verse :1. Where Jesus gave the seventy advance directives as to which cities they were to go to. He sent them in pairs and instructed them not engage in conversation with anyone until they arrived at their destination.

[6] This is an authoritative peace bestowed on the seventy. They had the power both to give and withdraw it. When Jesus said, “My peace I leave with you…,” was he leaving that peace only to the ones he was speaking to at the time, or did he leave his peace to all his children—The Children of Peace?

[7] What? No expensive hotels or restaurants?

[8] Where the scriptures speak plainly, there is no need to wonder about what we should do, no need to pray about what we should do. This passage is for ministers of the gospel, for those sent forth by the Spirit of the Living God to bring the good news of humanity’s peace with our Creator through the sacrifice of Christ. When we travel for Jesus, we do not charge for accommodation, but rather accept food, shelter, and fellowship with the Children of Peace who invite us to stay in their homes. But what if their home is small, simple, with only plain food and accommodation, and during the course of our stay, we are invited by someone else to stay at their larger, fancier, home…with tastier and more abundant food? Jesus said, Don’t do it!

[9] Something needs to said here, about placing too much confidence in scholarship. Reference it yes. Generally respect it, yes. Do not readily discard it, when mistakes are found—and there are many—but do not automatically take anyone’s scholarship, definitions, or commentary as Holy Writ. One example of thinking and researching for ourselves is found in the Strong’s definition of the simple word, “say,” as used in Luke 10:10. The word is translated correctly but it is wrongly defined in the Strong’s Concordance, as shown on the Blue Letter Bible website. Bible students and researchers read there, that the Greek primary verb, eipon/eipate G2036 (the word appears in 51 different forms—usually translated as say or said) is used only in the definite past tense. As we see in Luke 10:10, this is not true. Jesus used this word while instructing his followers what to say in future statements. We should make the effort to clarify and accept or reject scholarly definitions as we seek to understand the truths of God’s Word. The vast resources contemporary Bible students have at their disposal is more comprehensive than at any time in history. But take care that we do not read our Bibles strictly through the lenses and filters of favorite teachers, scholars, or commentators.

[10] At the end of the 1000 years there will be one more resurrection and one more judgement. This is where the inhabitants of these cities will be judged. Jesus specifically mentions witnesses who rise up against them at this judgement, such as the Queen of Sheba (ancient Sheba was possibly located in Africa or in what is now modern Saudi Arabia). This will be the only judgment where a second death takes place. The reason those at The Great White Throne Judgment suffer death twice is, because after they have endured the agony of complete separation from the presence and power of God, after they have lost all hope of salvation when their physical life here on earth ended, their bodies will be raised for a final judgment. During this judgment, they will once again come into the presence and power of God—only to be cast from his presence…to die a second time (Revelation 20:12-14). Redemption: Bible Prophecy Simplified, One Way Press, 2008

 

[11]  HIERARCHY IN THE GODHEAD? No! ALL of the fullness of the Godhead dwells in Jesus in physical form. Jesus is fully God and fully human, not a half and half hybrid like the mythical Hercules. To atone for sin and defeat death, the living God, the Creator. The Most High, The Aleph-Tav Genesis 1:1 / Alpha-Omega Revelation 1:8,11 , chose to became his creation. As the Creator, Jesus—The WORD John 1:1—is subordinate to no one. As a human, Jesus is an obedient Son.

[12] The symbol of Satan falling from Heaven, the lightening bolt, is commonly used among those involved in the occult. Some who own companies often apply it as logo’s, knowing full well what it means. Toy companies use it. Clothing companies use it. It is widely used in a great variety of products these days. Because of the occult meaning deliberately applied to the symbol of the lightening bolt, some believers choose not to associate themselves with it.

[13] When Jesus said “…nothing shall by any means hurt you,” he is referring to deliverance ministry. He is referring to the serpents, scorpions, and all the power of the enemy that will manifest through those they oppress. An example of this is the demoniacs that terrorized every one who came near them, except Jesus. Another example are the sons of Sceva, who did not know Jesus, yet tried to cast out devils in his name, and the devils, through one man, overcame all seven of them. 

[14] The esteemed and highly educated religious leadership of Jesus’ day, did not perceive the time of their visitation. They roundly rejected him and looked down their noses at those personally chosen by him. Doesn’t that seem to hold true, even for today? The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom. The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge. Worldly credentials do not qualify any to represent the Most High God in any area of service. In fact, many institutions of higher learning, including seminaries undermine the faith of those who seek degrees. The majority of those Jesus called and sent forth, did not possess degrees of higher learning. But when God calls, he equips, and God forbid that those in positions of authority, in 501c3 organizations among others, silence those God has called to be heard within his Body.

[15] When THE MOST HIGH became one of his human creations, the entire Godhead was involved in the conception of Jesus, not just the “first person of the Trinity,” of which there is no such thing as the first, second, or third person of the Godhead. Those are blasphemous hierarchical terms denoting order of existence, a procession of creation. If such were true, the chronological and hierarchical phrase, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, regulates the Holy Spirit to a subordinate position, when the false doctrine of the subordinate son clearly places Jesus last in the so-called hierarchy.

There is no hierarchy within the Godhead, and Jesus is not a created being, nor is he the “eternal” son. He did not become the Son, until he entered the Kosmos, when he was conceived by the Jewess, Miriam. That is called the incarnation. The incarnation happened when THE GOD became a man—IMMANUEL, THE GOD WITH US. This was foretold, explained, and declared Psalm 2:7, John 1:1,14,  1:5-6, Hebrews 1:5-6. YHWH ELOHIYM, The Godhead, became human when the Holy Spirit came upon Miriam, and she was over-shadowed by THE HIGHEST  Colossians 2:9.

Prior to The Almighty’s incarnation as a human, Jesus existed in eternity as THE WORD. THE WORD was GOD, and Isaiah even called Jesus the Father.

Through some unfathomable miracle, Jehovah/YHWH became a human. Miriam was told her child would be called IMMANUEL—THE GOD With us. THE GOD is YHWH, the Godhead. The Holy Spirit came upon Miriam, and and the power of THE HIGHEST (YHWH/The Godhead) over-shadowed her, and that is why that Holy Thing that was born of her was called the Son of God Luke 1:31-35. 

[16] This lawyer obviously had issues with prejudice. Among the Jews of Jesus’ day, Samaritans were considered fair game for discrimination, the lowest of the low as they were viewed as hybrid, “mongrel” Jews who had defected from traditional Judaism, so it was a Samaritan Jesus chose to illustrate neighborly kindness and God’s way of judging others by personal behavior and not by race or nationality. He also illustrated those who were considered the epitome of righteousness could actually be just the opposite. It is personal behavior and not position or title that makes one friend or foe. Our hearts and behavior are what matter to God, but if the behavior must come from a pure heart of love  Psalm 51:13-19.

[17] The issue of Martha and Mary has long been characterized as a struggle between those who are spiritual—the Marys—and those who are not—the Martha’s. In one aspect this is correct, but the larger point, the elephant in the room, so to speak, is gender-role aspect of this story. This is huge, because without the gender-role aspect, Martha would have had no problem with what Mary was not doing. There would have been no point to make. Yet, this been completely ignored by Christian scholarship.

It is important to note that the nature of work is not the real divide between the Mary’s and the Martha’s. The real divide is the perception of what that work should be based on ones gender. The perception of what constitutes a woman’s “place” in ministry and society, was the driving force behind Martha’s complaint against her sister.  This wrong perception harms both women and men. Many men excel in the kitchen, love it, and do not feel called in the least into traditional Christian ministry.

In this scene, we see a woman, stepping out of her “place” in society to sit with the men, learning at the feet of the master. And Martha found this extremely agitating. It is likely that Martha already had plenty of help in the kitchen, because that’s what women do. It is also likely that she simply resented the fact that Mary did not seem to be bothered in least that she wasn’t helping Martha and the other women “do what women do.”

This scenario continues to play out in Christian gatherings today, where men feel little or no pressure to do anything but enjoy the events, while cultural pressure is still brought to bear on women to “be in the kitchen,” cooking, cleaning, making sure everything runs smoothly for everyone else.

For some women, possibly even for most women, this is a labor of love. It comes naturally for them. They are good at it and enjoy it. It is truly a ministry for them. But for others, it is not the same. There are women who are called to sit at the master’s feet and their ministry falls into the category of what has always been considered the realm of men. It is interesting that, at this particular gathering, there is no record of the men complaining to Jesus about Mary’s presence at his feet.

It is also interesting, that though Jesus put down the idea of gender “roles” when he gently rebuked Martha for trying to take the “better thing” from her sister, Christian scholarship regulates this passage to strictly a women’s argument about spiritual women -Vs- not spiritual women. But there is no evidence that Martha was not a spiritual woman, only that she was totally sold out to the cultural norm of her day, that held men and women to strict gender-roles and unequal standards of behavior and morality. Jesus did not hold to these norms and bluntly said so.